On any given worksite, the greatest safety hazards are often the ones workers don’t see coming. In fast-moving environments where crews, heavy machinery and vehicles constantly intersect, even a brief lapse in visibility can result in disaster.
According to the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH), workers struck by vehicles accounted for 47% of all construction fatalities in 2019. But here’s the bigger concern: more than half of these incidents were caused not by passing traffic but by construction equipment or even a fellow crew member, often during everyday tasks.
The good news? These tragedies are preventable. In many cases, the difference between a near-miss and a fatality comes down to a few extra seconds of reaction time. High-visibility (hi-vis) safety apparel is designed to provide those seconds and save lives.
Beyond the Hues: Decoding High-Visibility Standards
High-vis workwear isn’t just bright clothing. It’s regulated, engineered and tested to help workers stand out in complex or low-light conditions.
ANSI/ISEA 107-2020 (by the American National Standards Institute and International Safety Equipment Association) is the governing standard in the U.S., setting the design and performance criteria for hi-vis workwear. Here are its three essential components:
- Fluorescent background material: Neon yellow-green, orange-red or red fabrics that appear to glow in daylight by reacting to UV rays.
- Retroreflective material: Silver, gray or fluorescent stripes with microscopic beads or prisms that bounce light back to its source, making workers visible up to 1,000 feet away at night.
- Hybrid materials: Advanced fabrics that combine both fluorescent and retroreflective properties for 24/7 visibility.
When you partner with a knowledgeable safety supplier, it helps ensure that the gear you purchase isn’t just bright but also certified to meet current ANSI/ISEA 107 standards and proven to reduce struck-by risks while protecting your company from liability.
Matching PPE Class to the Task
Not all hi-vis gear is created equal. ANSI/ISEA 107 defines garment types (where the gear is used) and performance classes (how much visibility protection it provides).
Garment Types
- Type O (off-road) — For workers in environments without traffic or with low-speed vehicles, such as warehouses and excavation sites.
- Type R (roadway) — For workers exposed to public roadway traffic and construction equipment.
- Type P (public safety) — For emergency responders, law enforcement and firefighters in traffic hazards.
Performance Classes
- Class 1 (Type O) — Minimum visibility for low-risk areas with traffic under 25 mph. Examples: warehouse workers, parking attendants.
- Class 2 (Type R or P) — Most common in construction. Required for crews working near roadways where traffic exceeds 25 mph. Examples: utility crews, surveyors, airport staff.
- Class 3 (Type R or P) — Maximum visibility for the most dangerous conditions, including highways over 50 mph. Includes jackets, coveralls and rainwear with full-body reflectivity.
Understanding these categories helps safety managers align personal protective equipment (PPE) with real-world jobsite risks — and maintain Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) and Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) compliance.
Choosing High-Visibility Gear That Works for Your Site
Choosing the right ANSI Class is just the start. To truly protect your crew, you need high-visibility gear that’s built for your environment and specific job-related hazards. In dynamic construction sites, the wrong fabric or the lack of protective features can compromise performance, distract workers and introduce new risks.
Weather Suitability
- Wet conditions — Opt for gear labeled waterproof or water-resistant and look for features like sealed seams, storm flaps and breathable membranes to keep workers dry and prevent overheating.
- Cold weather — Choose insulated Class 3 jackets, bibs and liners with quilted linings or fleece interiors that offer thermal protection without excessive bulk.
- Hot environments — Go for lightweight, breathable and moisture-wicking garments to help prevent heat stress and keep workers cool and dry. Look for products with built-in ventilation panels, mesh back sections or removable sleeves to enhance airflow and adaptability throughout the shift.
Additional Safety Features
- UV protection — Apparel made with UPF-rated fabric (e.g., UPF 50+) provides an essential barrier against harmful ultraviolet radiation, helping to protect workers from sunburn and long-term skin damage.
- Enhanced reflective tape placement — Reflective materials on sleeves and pant legs should ensure 360-degree visibility, even when workers bend, crouch or turn.
- Material durability — Choose garments that withstand frequent washing, abrasion and exposure to harsh conditions without fading or losing reflectivity. Look for gear with reinforced stitching and colorfast dyes.
- Flame resistance — If your team works near potential arc flash or fire hazards, investing in flame-resistant (FR) high-visibility gear is nonnegotiable. These garments are engineered to self-extinguish and will not melt, drip or ignite when exposed to high heat or direct flame, including the intense thermal energy of an arc flash.
PPE should never restrict movement or distract workers. Look for gear designed with diverse fits (including women’s cuts) to ensure every team member is comfortable, compliant, and protected.
Parting Words
Every construction project has moving parts and moving risks. By understanding ANSI/ISEA standards, evaluating your unique site hazards and choosing high-visibility PPE that meets both compliance and comfort, you give your crew the most valuable protection of all: the ability to be seen.