Excavators are essential tools for today’s construction sites. Whether you’re digging trenches, lifting heavy loads or preparing complex jobsite terrain, they get the job done. While the goal remains the same — maximizing productivity and efficiency — the growing range of machine sizes, configurations and capabilities can make choosing the right excavator a challenge. Both compact and larger excavators deliver significant benefits when matched with the right task.
Before narrowing in on an excavator model, take the time to review specifications, compare tail swing configurations, evaluate transportation logistics and, if possible, even run a demo. To help you zero in on the best size for your next project, I have outlined five key considerations to guide your selection process.
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1. Jobsite Space & Application
One of the first and most important factors in choosing the right excavator is your specific jobsite environment. Every inch counts when you’re working in tight or congested areas. Compact excavators boast lighter weights, minimal tail swing and narrower widths, letting operators easily maneuver around buildings, fences and other structures.
Tail swing refers to the amount of overhang of movement an excavator’s counterweight (rear end) occupies while rotating beyond the widths of its tracks. Three primary types of tail swing configurations are zero tail swing, minimal tail swing and conventional tail swing. Many compact and larger excavator models offer zero and/or minimal tail swing. This allows for greater mobility and is ideal for projects with space restrictions, where maneuverability and stability are both important.
Compact excavators, which are typically 10 tons and under, are perfect for navigating tight spaces like residential properties, landscaping jobs and smaller commercial sites. Some compact models even feature retractable undercarriages that offer more versatility in tight access points. Digging depths for compact excavators range from anywhere between 6 feet and 15 feet,
with bucket digging force ranging between 1,856 and 15,130 pound-force (lbf).
In contrast, larger excavators excel on wide-open jobsites with heavy lifting or digging demands. These machines, often weighing more than 10 tons, provide the raw power needed for high-production tasks like commercial development, rail and roadway work, or demolition. However, a larger excavator’s size, weight and steel tracks may pose challenges to sensitive surfaces or landscaped areas, making it vital to match your machine to your environment.
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2. Versatility & Attachments
So, how do you envision putting your excavator to work? Compact excavators excel when paired with attachments that expand their utility far beyond just digging. From grading and compacting to land clearing and drilling, a huge variety of attachments are available. Plus, many compact machines can be equipped with quick couplers that allow operators to switch tools without even leaving the cab, which boosts efficiency and broadens the range of tasks your machine can handle.
Larger excavators also support limited attachments and quick couplers, and their added power can make a significant difference in high-load applications, such as breaking concrete or lifting heavy materials. Choosing a machine that supports the attachments your work demands — whether compact or large — will directly influence your productivity and profit.
Do you already own or use other compact or large equipment in your
fleet? If so, what attachments and couplers do you utilize? Taking inventory of your existing equipment and attachments can help you determine the right selection as some manufacturers make it easier to share attachments between brands.
3. Transportation Requirements
Size doesn’t just dictate what a machine can do on the ground; it also impacts how easily you can get it from one jobsite to another. Compact excavators are generally haulable using a 3/4-ton pickup truck or a 10,000-pound trailer, making them a more flexible and convenient choice for contractors who are constantly moving between locations. Their lower cab heights and lighter overall weight mean you’ll rarely need special permits or complex transportation logistics.
Conversely, larger excavators likely require a heavy-duty truck-and-trailer setup. Larger equipment may need a 20,000- to 30,000-pound trailer or larger. You’ll also need to factor in load ratings, bridge and road restrictions and whether a special permit is required — all critical considerations for your project’s timeline and budget. Operators should review their vehicle’s towing capacity and the trailering requirements within their area, as they vary from state to state.
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4. Project Frequency & Budget
Buying a new excavator is a substantial investment, so understanding how often you’ll use the machine, and for what specific jobs, is important. If most of your jobs require smaller or compact equipment, renting a large excavator for those larger, one-off projects might make more financial sense.
Many contractors also find it beneficial to rent a large machine for specific projects and test it under real jobsite conditions before committing to a purchase. Not only does this offer a chance to evaluate comfort, performance and versatility, but rental expenses are typically tax-deductible, providing potential financial advantages over ownership.
5. Dealer Support
An operator’s accessibility to trusted dealer support can influence the decision on choosing between different sized excavators. Smaller excavators can be easily transported and dropped off at a dealership for more extensive reviews and repairs, whereas partnering with a dealer that has a service truck that comes to the operator may be more ideal for larger equipment.
Additionally, one of the biggest advantages of partnering with a trusted dealer network is access to trained technicians with access to the latest information, resources and tools concerning your excavator(s). They know what to look for, and they have the proper training in the latest emissions standards, calibrating machines and checking diagnostics with tools and software that are typically not available to customers. Dealerships also stock original equipment manufacturer (OEM) parts. Using genuine parts helps extend the life of your machine and will give you peace of mind that your excavator(s) will continue to function properly.
Choosing the Right Fit for Your Fleet
Different sized excavators bring unique strengths to the table, and the right fit depends on your application, jobsite, transportation options and overall workload. Ultimately, all excavators are exceptional workhorses. But choosing the right size isn’t just about preference; it’s about optimizing your jobsite for success. Select the machine that matches your environment, complements your crew’s needs and aligns with your long-term goals, because in excavation, size truly does matter.